SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    154, 
    178, 
    221, 
    223, 
    225, 
    218, 
    100, 
    101, 
    102, 
    103, 
    213, 
    214, 
    215, 
    216, 
    181, 
    155, 
    41, 
    42, 
    61, 
    34, 
    60, 
    36, 
    167, 
    108, 
    109, 
    110, 
    111, 
    62, 
    43, 
    44, 
    35, 
    19, 
    15, 
    197, 
    186, 
    65, 
    47, 
    49, 
    38, 
    84, 
    115, 
    114, 
    113, 
    112, 
    45, 
    46, 
    64, 
    16, 
    198, 
    187, 
    48, 
    63, 
    50, 
    88, 
    118, 
    119, 
    116, 
    117, 
    211, 
    176, 
    204, 
    194, 
    158, 
    179, 
    189, 
    199, 
    87, 
    17, 
    66, 
    52, 
    51, 
    120, 
    121, 
    122, 
    123, 
    196, 
    212, 
    177, 
    205, 
    206, 
    85, 
    91, 
    53, 
    67, 
    54, 
    18, 
    200, 
    182, 
    222, 
    217, 
    124, 
    125, 
    126, 
    127, 
    68, 
    31, 
    55, 
    56, 
    89, 
    201, 
    183, 
    129, 
    130, 
    131, 
    128, 
    190, 
    220, 
    58, 
    39, 
    69, 
    57, 
    202, 
    184, 
    132, 
    133, 
    134, 
    135, 
    191, 
    185, 
    203, 
    140, 
    138, 
    137, 
    139, 
    159, 
    162, 
    160, 
    161, 
    226, 
    228, 
    229, 
    170, 
    86, 
    90, 
    192, 
    145, 
    143, 
    144, 
    147, 
    230, 
    207, 
    193, 
    148, 
    149, 
    208, 
    142, 
    164, 
    165, 
    166, 
    152, 
    153, 
    151, 
    209, 
    146, 
    210, 
    163, 
    224, 
    150
  )

Query time 0.00070

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_categories",
      "access_type": "ALL",
      "possible_keys": ["parent"],
      "rows": 159,
      "filtered": 100,
      "attached_condition": "cscart_categories.parent_id in (154,178,221,223,225,218,100,101,102,103,213,214,215,216,181,155,41,42,61,34,60,36,167,108,109,110,111,62,43,44,35,19,15,197,186,65,47,49,38,84,115,114,113,112,45,46,64,16,198,187,48,63,50,88,118,119,116,117,211,176,204,194,158,179,189,199,87,17,66,52,51,120,121,122,123,196,212,177,205,206,85,91,53,67,54,18,200,182,222,217,124,125,126,127,68,31,55,56,89,201,183,129,130,131,128,190,220,58,39,69,57,202,184,132,133,134,135,191,185,203,140,138,137,139,159,162,160,161,226,228,229,170,86,90,192,145,143,144,147,230,207,193,148,149,208,142,164,165,166,152,153,151,209,146,210,163,224,150)"
    }
  }
}

Result

category_id parent_id
64 60
54 212
16 15
159 62
63 176
53 196
17 205
161 165
61 60
52 212
18 205
162 166
68 60
69 60
31 15
67 177
66 177
34 15
35 15
36 204
51 196
38 204
39 15
41 158
42 19
43 19
44 158
45 158
46 19
47 211
48 194
49 194
50 211
55 19
56 158
57 19
58 158
65 176
62 60
160 164
84 61
85 42
86 41
87 34
88 61
89 42
90 41
91 34
100 62
101 43
102 44
103 35
115 35
114 44
113 43
112 62
108 62
109 43
110 44
111 35
116 62
117 43
118 44
119 35
120 62
121 43
122 44
123 35
124 62
125 43
126 44
127 35
128 62
129 43
130 44
131 35
132 62
133 43
134 44
135 35
138 43
137 62
139 44
140 35
145 43
142 62
143 44
144 35
146 62
147 43
148 44
149 35
150 62
151 43
152 44
153 35
154 64
155 64
163 62
164 43
165 35
166 44
167 61
208 41
170 41
197 34
179 41
178 61
177 60
176 60
206 41
181 61
182 61
183 61
184 61
185 61
186 42
187 42
207 41
189 42
190 42
191 42
192 42
193 42
194 19
205 15
196 19
198 34
199 34
200 34
201 34
202 34
203 34
204 15
209 41
210 41
211 158
212 158
213 60
214 19
215 15
216 158
217 61
218 67
220 42
221 53
222 34
223 18
224 41
225 54
226 60
228 15
229 158
230 19